Evaluation of vaccine delivery systems for inducing long-lived antibody responses to Dermanyssus gallinae antigen in laying hens

Version 2 2019-09-13, 14:34

Version 1 2019-07-02, 08:50

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posted on 2019-09-13, 14:34 authored by Daniel R. G. Price, Tatiana Küster, Øivind Øines, E. Margaret Oliver, Kathryn Bartley, Francesca Nunn, José Francisco Lima Barbero, James Pritchard, Eleanor Karp-Tatham, Helena Hauge, Damer P. Blake, Fiona M. Tomley, Alasdair J. Nisbet

Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is a global threat to the commercial egg-laying industry. Control of D. gallinae is difficult, with only a limited number of effective pesticides and non-chemical treatments available. Here, we characterize the candidate vaccine antigen D. gallinae cathepsin D-1 (Dg-CatD-1) and demonstrate that purified refolded recombinant Dg-Cat-D1 (rDg-CatD-1) is an active aspartyl proteinase which digests haemoglobin with a pH optimum of pH 4. Soluble protein extracts from D. gallinae also have haemoglobinase activity, with a pH optimum comparable to the recombinant protein, and both proteinase activities were inhibited by the aspartyl proteinase inhibitor Pepstatin A. Enzyme activity and the ubiquitous localization of Dg-CatD-1 protein in sections of adult female mites is consistent with Dg-CatD-1 being a lysosomal proteinase. Using Dg-CatD-1 as a model vaccine antigen, we compared vaccine delivery methods in laying hens via vaccination with: (i) purified rDg-CatD-1 with Montanide™ ISA 71 VG adjuvant; (ii) recombinant DNA vaccines for expression of rDg-CatD-1 and (iii) transgenic coccidial parasite Eimeria tenella expressing rDg-CatD-1. In two independent trials, only birds vaccinated with rDg-CatD-1 with Montanide™ ISA 71 VG produced a strong and long-lasting serum anti-rDg-Cat-D1 IgY response, which was significantly higher than that in control birds vaccinated with adjuvant only. Furthermore, we showed that egg-laying rates of D. gallinae mites fed on birds vaccinated with rDg-CatD-1 in Montanide™ ISA 71 VG was reduced significantly compared with mites fed on unvaccinated birds.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Dermanyssus gallinae cathepsin D-1 (Dg-CatD-1) digests haemoglobin

Vaccination of hens with rDg-CatD-1 in Montanide™ ISA 71 VG results in long-lasting IgY levels

Serum anti-rDg-CatD-1 antibodies reduce egg laying in D. gallinae after a single blood meal

Dermanyssus gallinae cathepsin D-1 (Dg-CatD-1) digests haemoglobin

Vaccination of hens with rDg-CatD-1 in Montanide™ ISA 71 VG results in long-lasting IgY levels

Serum anti-rDg-CatD-1 antibodies reduce egg laying in D. gallinae after a single blood meal

Funding

This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 635408 (“PARAGONE: vaccines for animal parasites”).This article, which is included in the ‘Research update on Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite’ supplement, is sponsored and supported by Coventry University.

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Sub-unit vaccine DNA vaccine live vaccine vaccinology ectoparasite poultry red mite aspartyl proteinase

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