Human health risk assessment of bisphenol A released from polycarbonate drinking water bottles and carbonated drinks exposed to sunlight in Nigeria

This study investigated the release of a known endocrine disruptor—bisphenol A (BPA), in drinking water and carbonated drinks stored in polycarbonate bottles and exposed to sunlight with a view of assessing the health risk involved in their consumption. BPA in the samples was extracted using solid-phase extraction method and determined with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultra-violet detector. Results showed that there were significant increase (p < 0.05) in BPA concentration of bottled water and carbonated drink exposed at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days. Also, there were enrichment of BPA levels ranging 31–868% in the bottled water and 17–920% carbonated drinks from 1 to 60 days when compared with the control. However, BPA migrating rate decreases with increase in exposure duration and later remains fairly constant as exposure duration progresses. The chronic daily intake of BPA in carbonated drinks and bottled water were low. The health risk index of BPA in polycarbonate bottled carbonated drinks and water was less than one in both adult and child and thus, there may be no probable adverse health effect on consumers of such products. However, caution should be taken as BPA is also released from other food packaging materials.