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Phylogeny and origins of chemosynthetic vesicomyid clams

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posted on 2016-12-12, 14:31 authored by Shannon B. Johnson, Elena M. Krylova, Asta Audzijonyte, Heiko Sahling, Robert C. Vrijenhoek

Large vesicomyid clams (Veneroida: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) are prominent members of the communities associated with sulphide-rich deep-sea habitats. Taxonomic uncertainties within the Pliocardiinae result from both plasticity in shell morphologies and the common occurrence of cryptic species. Molecular taxonomic studies have now clarified many species-level assignments and provided DNA-barcodes for more than 50 species worldwide. Nonetheless, genus-level assignments remain uncertain, because the existing COI barcode sequences are not sufficient for identifying higher-level groupings. To construct a robust phylogeny for this subfamily, we conducted a combined Bayesian analysis of the COI mitochondrial fragment and five additional independent nuclear gene segments. The phylogenetic results provide a better foundation for assessing genus-level assignments within the subfamily and reveal goals for future taxonomic research. Furthermore, morphological examinations helped to clarify and solidify generic classifications. Calibration of molecular clocks with recently verified fossil data permitted realistic estimates for the origins and evolutionary age of pliocardiins during the Cenozoic Era from a deep-dwelling ancestor.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2554122D-96D4-4CBF-BC70-B017998AF64D

Funding

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation via the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) funded the efforts of RCV, SJO and AA. Oceanographic expeditions were supported by MBARI and grants from the US National Science Foundation to RCV (OCE-8917311, OCE-9302205, OCE-9633131, OCE-9910799, and OCE-0241613). Funding to EMK was provided by the RSF Grant N 14 50 00095 (taxonomic expertise; morphological analysis) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. RFBR12-04-01398-a and RFBR 14-04-00872-a).

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