Nanoparticles for combined photo- and chemodynamic therapy of cancer cells involving endogenous glutathione depletion suppplementary data

<p>Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are powerful weapons for various anticancer therapies.</p> <p>However, high glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells can significantly reduce the efficacy of such</p> <p>therapies. Methods: In this study, pH-responsive fluorescein-encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework-</p> <p>8 nanoparticles were synthesized for ROS-mediated combination therapy. Results: Upon blue light</p> <p>activation, fluorescein displayed a high singlet oxygen photogeneration ability for photodynamic therapy.</p> <p>Concurrently, accumulated Zn2+ from degraded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 stimulated simultaneous</p> <p>ROS generation and GSH depletion, thereby successfully inducing chemodynamic therapy. This triggered</p> <p>a cascade of photo–physical and chemical processes culminating in the localized generation of ROS,</p> <p>ultimately breaking the intracellular redox equilibrium. Conclusion: This nanoformulation can potentially</p> <p>be used for light-activated ROS-mediated therapy for the management of superficial tumors.</p>