Vinyl-functionalized mesoporous carbon for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of azole antifungal agents from aqueous matrices

A simple, rapid and sensitive vinyl-functionalized mesoporous carbon-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method has been developed for the preconcentration and quantification of azole antifungal drugs in aqueous matrices. The effects of type of adsorbent, desorption solvent, amount of adsorbent, pH, desorption time, salt addition and extraction time were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated good linearity over the range of 1–300 µg L⁻¹ for water sample and 5–400 µg L⁻¹ for biological samples, low limits of detection (0.4 µg L⁻¹ to 1.6 µg L⁻¹), good analyte recoveries (89.8–113.9%) and acceptable RSDs (7.5–13.4%).