Application of molecular methods for potato disease diagnosis: a review

Potato is a vital crop worldwide and its production is threatened by diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and other forms of microorganisms. Early detection and identification of these pathogens are essential to control their spread and minimize yield losses. Improvements in detection and identification have come as molecular detection techniques have been developed, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), RNase H-dependent PCR (rhPCR) and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). In this review, the mechanisms of these molecular techniques are discussed. These techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of potato diseases. They offer high sensitivity, specificity and rapid detection, making them invaluable tools for disease surveillance and diagnosis. However, further development and optimization of these techniques, and novel techniques such as artificial intelligence, will undoubtedly contribute to more effective disease diagnosis, management and the protection of potato crops.