Variabilities in concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids among normotensives and hypertensives across various stages of glomerular function

Data (N = 10643) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults aged > = 20 years for 2003-2016 were analyzed to evaluate how concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) vary among normotensives and hypertensives across various stages of glomerular function (GF) namely from stage 1 to stage 3B/4. Regression models stratified by GF stages and hypertension status were fitted for each of the five PFAAs, namely, PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFHxS, and PFNA. For the total population, hypertensives had higher adjusted levels than normotensives for GF-1, GF-2, and GF-3A with highest differences being at GF-3A for every PFAA. At GF-3B/4, hypertensives had lower adjusted geometric means (AGM) than normotensives. While AGMs for PFAA for hypertensives followed inverted U-shaped distributions with points of inflections at GF-3A, for normotensives the points of inflections were at GF-2 or GF-3A.